Carbon Tax, Green Innovation, and Sustainable Development: Evidence from a Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
10.33395/owner.v9i4.2832Keywords:
Carbon Tax, Green Innovation, Sustainable Development, Tax PolicyAbstract
This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA framework to examine the role of carbon tax in fostering green innovation and advancing sustainable development. A total of 40 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed from major databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The findings reveal that the carbon tax not only functions as a fiscal instrument to reduce carbon emissions but also acts as a catalyst for corporate green innovation and environmental disclosure practices. Three dominant themes emerged: (1) the effectiveness of carbon tax in reducing emissions and strengthening fiscal capacity, (2) its influence on corporate strategies to promote green technology and sustainable business models, and (3) its contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in developing economies. While the carbon tax shows significant potential, challenges such as policy inconsistency, institutional weakness, and industrial resistance remain obstacles to its full implementation. The review offers guidance for policymakers to integrate fiscal and innovation policies toward sustainable growth.
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References
Adi Prawira, I. F., & Nur Apandi, R. N. (2023). Limiting Factory Waste By Imposing a Pigouvian Tax. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 18.
Albab, Y. M. U., & Tjaraka, H. (2024). Efektivitas Pajak Karbon: Studi Literatur. Owner, 8(2), 2009–2017. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.1983
Bui, B., Truong, T. P., & Chapple, E. J. (2021). Financial and non-financial benefits of carbon controls. Meditari Accountancy Research, 29(2), 219–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-12-2019-0663
Castro, C., & Lopes, C. (2022). Digital Government and Sustainable Development. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00749-2
Chandra Aldi Wibowo, & Benny Sumardiana. (2025). Analisis Kesiapan Pelaksanaan Pajak Karbon Dalam Pencegahan Kejahatan Ekonomi Hijau Di Jawa Tengah. Journal Presumption of Law, 7(1), 86–105. https://doi.org/10.31949/jpl.v7i1.13178
Dilasari, A. P., Ani, H. N., & Rizka, R. J. H. (2022). Analisis Best Practice Kebijakan Carbon Tax Dalam Mengatasi Eksternalitas Negatif Emisi Karbon Di Indonesia. Owner, 7(1), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i1.1182
Halizah, A., & Furqon, I. K. (2024). Carbon Tax Transformation Strategy in Sustainable Economic Development towards Green Economy in Indonesia. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 12(3), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v12i3.951
He, P., Ya, Q., Chengfeng, L., Yuan, Y., & Xiao, C. (2021). Nexus between Environmental Tax, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from China, Finland, and Malaysia Based on a Panel-ARDL Approach. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 57(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2019.1658068
Ilmi, M., Setyo Liyundira, F., Rachmawati, A., Juliasari, D., & Habsari, P. (2020). Perkembangan Dan Penerapan Theory Of Acceptance Model (TAM) Di Indonesia. Relasi?: Jurnal Ekonomi, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.31967/relasi.v16i2.371
Karlinah, Lady, Meutia, M., Hanifah, I. A., & Ismawati, I. (2024). How Can Financial Distress Moderate Financial Performance Relationships Affect Tax Avoidance? Financial and Credit Activity: Problems of Theory and Practice, 6(59), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.6.59.2024.4528
Karlinah, Lady, Sugondo, L. Y., Falatifah, M., & Wahyuda, D. A. (2025). Systematic Literature Review?: Dampak Tax Incentives terhadap Inovasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Owner, 9(2), 1318–1330. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i2.2678
Ladista, R. D., Lindrianasari, L., & Syaipudin, U. (2023). Determinan Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Owner, 7(3), 2262–2283. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i3.1535
Lanoie, P., Patry, M., & Lajeunesse, R. (2008). Environmental regulation and productivity: Testing the porter hypothesis. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-008-0108-4
Mediaty, M., Rante, M. I., & Habbe, A. H. (2024). World Controversy: Water Sustainability In An Environmental Accounting Perspective. Advances In Social Humanities Research, 2(4), 600–609. https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v2i4.224
Meila, K. D., Dianty, A., & Veronica, L. (2024). Penerapan Pajak Karbon dalam Mewujudkan Sustainability Development Goals Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak di Indonesia. Owner, 8(2), 1849–1864. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.2001
Mikhno, I., Koval, V., Shvets, G., Garmatiuk, O., & Tamoši?nien?, R. (2021). Green Economy In Sustainable Development And Improvement Of Resource Efficiency. Central European Business Review, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.252
Nurfatimah, G., Handayani, J., Amalia Harahap, K., Pratiwi, D., Sinurat, S., uli BrMatondang, R., Rambe, M., dan Bisnis, E., & Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, U. (2024). Memperbaiki Ekonomi dan Melindungi Bumi dengan Pajak Karbon. Jurnal Akuntansi Audit Dan Perpajakan Indonesia (JAAPI)(JAAPI), 5(2), 626–633. https://jurnal-lp2m.umnaw.ac.id/index.php/JAAPI/article/view/3829
Pangestu, A. D., & Nawirah, N. (2025). Carbon Emission Disclosure, Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Accounting?: Nilai Perusahaan Dimoderasi Profitabilitas. Owner, 9(2), 1175–1186. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i2.2559
Pramita, S. A., Alfikri, R. S., Ansori, M. T., Iskandar, & Wulandari. (2024). Potensi Hukum Dan Upaya Perlindungan Pajak Karbon Dalam Lingkungan. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan, 8(12), 1–23.
Putu Dian Pusparini, I Gede Widyana, Salsabila Zera Pharresia, & M. Hit Fawlung. (2023). Analisis Penerapan Pajak Karbon Dan Ulez Terhadap Penurunan Emisi Karbon Di Indonesia. Jurnal Pajak Indonesia, 7(1), 57–66.
Putu, I., Pratama, N., Luh, N., & Widhiyani, S. (n.d.). The Effect of the Effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems, Implementation of Good Governance, And Organizational Culture on Financial Performance. In American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (Issue 5). www.ajhssr.com
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Ramakrishna, S., Hall, C. M., Esfandiar, K., & Seyfi, S. (2023). A systematic scoping review of sustainable tourism indicators in relation to the sustainable development goals. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1775621
Sampedro, R. (2021). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Carreteras, 4(232). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003080220-8
Soekarno, G. R., Sundari, S., Boedoyo, M. S., & Sianipar, L. (2024). Pajak Karbon sebagai Instrumen Kebijakan untuk Mendorong Transisi Energi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi yang Berkelanjutan. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 5(4), 2015–2026. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i4.870
Sofiyati, R. A., & Hernawan, S. (2023). Tantangan dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penundaan Implementasi Pajak Karbon di Indonesia. Bilancia: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Syariah Dan Hukum, 17(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.24239/blc.v17i2.2150
Sulistyowati, R., Winarsih, T., Ani, M., & Kurniawan, R. B. (2025). Urgensi Penerapan Carbon Tax Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Untuk Meningkatkan Sustainable Economic Growth. Owner, 9(2), 789–799. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i2.2564
Toumi, F., Bouraoui, M. A., & Khlif, H. (2022). National culture and tax avoidance: a quantile regression analysis. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 40(2), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-05-2022-0047
Utama, R. P., & Setiawan, R. (2024). Pengungkapan carbon emission dan Kinerja Perusahaan: A Bibliometric Review. Owner, 8(4), 4449–4464. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i4.2471
van Leeuwen, G., & Mohnen, P. (2017). Revisiting the Porter hypothesis: an empirical analysis of Green innovation for the Netherlands. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 26(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2016.1202521
Wang, X., Khurshid, A., Qayyum, S., & Calin, A. C. (2022). The role of green innovations, environmental policies and carbon taxes in achieving the sustainable development goals of carbon neutrality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16208-z
Wibisono, A. H., & Soepriyanto, G. (2024). Tantangan Pajak Karbon Sebagai Alternatif Kebijakan Transisi Energi Bersih di Indonesia Studi Kasus Industri Otomotif. Owner, 8(1), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i1.1907
Xie, P., & Jamaani, F. (2022). Does green innovation, energy productivity and environmental taxes limit carbon emissions in developed economies: Implications for sustainable development. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2022.09.002
Ya’u, A., Miraz, M. H., Saad, N., Bala, H., Rangasamy, D., Olaniyi, O. N. I., & Mustapha, U. A. (2023). Effects of Economic Deterrence Theory and Environmental Regulation on Tax Evasion: Evidence from Energy Sector. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14736
Yu, H., Peng, F., Yuan, T., Li, D., & Shi, D. (2023). The effect of low-carbon pilot policy on low-carbon technological innovation in China: Reexamining the porter hypothesis using difference-in-difference-in-differences strategy. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100392
Yudhana, F. W., & Madalina, M. (2022). Formulasi Kebijakan Penerapan Pajak Karbon di Indonesia. Jurnal Demokrasi Dan Ketahanan Nasional |, 1(1).
Adi Prawira, I. F., & Nur Apandi, R. N. (2023). Limiting Factory Waste By Imposing a Pigouvian Tax. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 18.
Albab, Y. M. U., & Tjaraka, H. (2024). Efektivitas Pajak Karbon: Studi Literatur. Owner, 8(2), 2009–2017. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.1983
Bui, B., Truong, T. P., & Chapple, E. J. (2021). Financial and non-financial benefits of carbon controls. Meditari Accountancy Research, 29(2), 219–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-12-2019-0663
Castro, C., & Lopes, C. (2022). Digital Government and Sustainable Development. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00749-2
Chandra Aldi Wibowo, & Benny Sumardiana. (2025). Analisis Kesiapan Pelaksanaan Pajak Karbon Dalam Pencegahan Kejahatan Ekonomi Hijau Di Jawa Tengah. Journal Presumption of Law, 7(1), 86–105. https://doi.org/10.31949/jpl.v7i1.13178
Dilasari, A. P., Ani, H. N., & Rizka, R. J. H. (2022). Analisis Best Practice Kebijakan Carbon Tax Dalam Mengatasi Eksternalitas Negatif Emisi Karbon Di Indonesia. Owner, 7(1), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i1.1182
Halizah, A., & Furqon, I. K. (2024). Carbon Tax Transformation Strategy in Sustainable Economic Development towards Green Economy in Indonesia. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 12(3), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v12i3.951
He, P., Ya, Q., Chengfeng, L., Yuan, Y., & Xiao, C. (2021). Nexus between Environmental Tax, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from China, Finland, and Malaysia Based on a Panel-ARDL Approach. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 57(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2019.1658068
Ilmi, M., Setyo Liyundira, F., Rachmawati, A., Juliasari, D., & Habsari, P. (2020). Perkembangan Dan Penerapan Theory Of Acceptance Model (TAM) Di Indonesia. Relasi?: Jurnal Ekonomi, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.31967/relasi.v16i2.371
Karlinah, Lady, Meutia, M., Hanifah, I. A., & Ismawati, I. (2024). How Can Financial Distress Moderate Financial Performance Relationships Affect Tax Avoidance? Financial and Credit Activity: Problems of Theory and Practice, 6(59), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.6.59.2024.4528
Karlinah, Lady, Sugondo, L. Y., Falatifah, M., & Wahyuda, D. A. (2025). Systematic Literature Review?: Dampak Tax Incentives terhadap Inovasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Owner, 9(2), 1318–1330. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i2.2678
Ladista, R. D., Lindrianasari, L., & Syaipudin, U. (2023). Determinan Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Owner, 7(3), 2262–2283. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i3.1535
Lanoie, P., Patry, M., & Lajeunesse, R. (2008). Environmental regulation and productivity: Testing the porter hypothesis. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-008-0108-4
Mediaty, M., Rante, M. I., & Habbe, A. H. (2024). World Controversy: Water Sustainability In An Environmental Accounting Perspective. Advances In Social Humanities Research, 2(4), 600–609. https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v2i4.224
Meila, K. D., Dianty, A., & Veronica, L. (2024). Penerapan Pajak Karbon dalam Mewujudkan Sustainability Development Goals Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak di Indonesia. Owner, 8(2), 1849–1864. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.2001
Mikhno, I., Koval, V., Shvets, G., Garmatiuk, O., & Tamoši?nien?, R. (2021). Green Economy In Sustainable Development And Improvement Of Resource Efficiency. Central European Business Review, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.252
Nurfatimah, G., Handayani, J., Amalia Harahap, K., Pratiwi, D., Sinurat, S., uli BrMatondang, R., Rambe, M., dan Bisnis, E., & Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, U. (2024). Memperbaiki Ekonomi dan Melindungi Bumi dengan Pajak Karbon. Jurnal Akuntansi Audit Dan Perpajakan Indonesia (JAAPI)(JAAPI), 5(2), 626–633. https://jurnal-lp2m.umnaw.ac.id/index.php/JAAPI/article/view/3829
Pangestu, A. D., & Nawirah, N. (2025). Carbon Emission Disclosure, Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Accounting?: Nilai Perusahaan Dimoderasi Profitabilitas. Owner, 9(2), 1175–1186. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i2.2559
Pramita, S. A., Alfikri, R. S., Ansori, M. T., Iskandar, & Wulandari. (2024). Potensi Hukum Dan Upaya Perlindungan Pajak Karbon Dalam Lingkungan. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan, 8(12), 1–23.
Putu Dian Pusparini, I Gede Widyana, Salsabila Zera Pharresia, & M. Hit Fawlung. (2023). Analisis Penerapan Pajak Karbon Dan Ulez Terhadap Penurunan Emisi Karbon Di Indonesia. Jurnal Pajak Indonesia, 7(1), 57–66.
Putu, I., Pratama, N., Luh, N., & Widhiyani, S. (n.d.). The Effect of the Effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems, Implementation of Good Governance, And Organizational Culture on Financial Performance. In American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (Issue 5). www.ajhssr.com
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Ramakrishna, S., Hall, C. M., Esfandiar, K., & Seyfi, S. (2023). A systematic scoping review of sustainable tourism indicators in relation to the sustainable development goals. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1775621
Sampedro, R. (2021). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Carreteras, 4(232). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003080220-8
Soekarno, G. R., Sundari, S., Boedoyo, M. S., & Sianipar, L. (2024). Pajak Karbon sebagai Instrumen Kebijakan untuk Mendorong Transisi Energi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi yang Berkelanjutan. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 5(4), 2015–2026. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i4.870
Sofiyati, R. A., & Hernawan, S. (2023). Tantangan dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penundaan Implementasi Pajak Karbon di Indonesia. Bilancia: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Syariah Dan Hukum, 17(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.24239/blc.v17i2.2150
Sulistyowati, R., Winarsih, T., Ani, M., & Kurniawan, R. B. (2025). Urgensi Penerapan Carbon Tax Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Untuk Meningkatkan Sustainable Economic Growth. Owner, 9(2), 789–799. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i2.2564
Toumi, F., Bouraoui, M. A., & Khlif, H. (2022). National culture and tax avoidance: a quantile regression analysis. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 40(2), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-05-2022-0047
Utama, R. P., & Setiawan, R. (2024). Pengungkapan carbon emission dan Kinerja Perusahaan: A Bibliometric Review. Owner, 8(4), 4449–4464. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i4.2471
van Leeuwen, G., & Mohnen, P. (2017). Revisiting the Porter hypothesis: an empirical analysis of Green innovation for the Netherlands. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 26(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2016.1202521
Wang, X., Khurshid, A., Qayyum, S., & Calin, A. C. (2022). The role of green innovations, environmental policies and carbon taxes in achieving the sustainable development goals of carbon neutrality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16208-z
Wibisono, A. H., & Soepriyanto, G. (2024). Tantangan Pajak Karbon Sebagai Alternatif Kebijakan Transisi Energi Bersih di Indonesia Studi Kasus Industri Otomotif. Owner, 8(1), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i1.1907
Xie, P., & Jamaani, F. (2022). Does green innovation, energy productivity and environmental taxes limit carbon emissions in developed economies: Implications for sustainable development. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2022.09.002
Ya’u, A., Miraz, M. H., Saad, N., Bala, H., Rangasamy, D., Olaniyi, O. N. I., & Mustapha, U. A. (2023). Effects of Economic Deterrence Theory and Environmental Regulation on Tax Evasion: Evidence from Energy Sector. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14736
Yu, H., Peng, F., Yuan, T., Li, D., & Shi, D. (2023). The effect of low-carbon pilot policy on low-carbon technological innovation in China: Reexamining the porter hypothesis using difference-in-difference-in-differences strategy. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100392
Yudhana, F. W., & Madalina, M. (2022). Formulasi Kebijakan Penerapan Pajak Karbon di Indonesia. Jurnal Demokrasi Dan Ketahanan Nasional |, 1(1).
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